Definitions
Laparoscopic procedure- a surgical procedure in which a telescope is inserted through the abdominal wall to view the organs in the abdomen or to permit a surgical procedure.
Laparoscopic-assisted- a surgical procedure in which a telescope is used to aid the completion of a procedure, but a larger incision is required.
Also known as Video-assisted* (especially in thoracic cases)
Used with hand-assisted procedures
Regardless of the procedure, some equipment is the same for these MIS procedures. Lap-assisted procedures usually require wound retractors or MIS ports that allow for organs/structures to be pulled outside the body.
Reproductive Procedures
Laparoscopic OVE, OVH, OSS
Laparoscopic Cryptorchidectomy, Vasectomy, Total Castration
These are excellent beginner procedures because they can be converted easily if needed. There is mixed evidence as to their benefit to patients however.
Lap-assisted is best for pyometras.
Gastropexy Procedures
Laparoscopic- more difficult because requires intracorporeal suturing and specific equipment (lap needle drivers, monopolar electrosurgery, scissors, etc).
Lap-assisted- easier to perform but higher complication rate (seromas).
Cystotomy Procedures
Laparoscopic-assisted Cystotomy- Requires 2 telescopes (5mm and 2.7mm usually), allows for visualization of body wall incision for bladder exteriorization
Percutaneous Cystolithotomy- uses pre-placed u-cath to inflate bladder for placement of incision.
Otherwise, similar equipment required for both (graspers, baskets, +/- Laser)
No comparison investigating PCCL vs LAC and both can take longer than traditional cystotomy.